Python内置模块：os¶

os.listdir os.walk os.path

模块大概分类常用的内置模块 import os import sys import glob import json import yaml import shutil import re 正则表达式 import time import datetime import platform import random import subprocess import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET import smtplib from email.header import Header from email.mime.text import MIMEText from email.utils import parseaddr, formataddr

内置模块 DCC软件自带模块第三方模块自定义模块

Python模块搜索路径当前工作路径 + sys.path

os os.path os.listdir os.walk os.environ

os.path module

import os

path = “C:/Users/huweiguo/Documents/maya/2018/maya.env” os.path.basename(path) os.path.dirname(path) os.path.join(“tmp”, “data”, os.path.basename(path)) path = “~/maya/2018/maya.env” os.path.expanduser(path) os.path.splitext(path)

尽可能使用os.path来操作文件路径的问题，最好不要使用字符串来构造自己的代码，主要是为了代码的可移植性，它可以很好的处理linux、mac以及windows文件路径的差异

#!/usr/bin/env python3.7
import os

def findFile(start, name):
    for relpath, dirs, files in os.walk(start):
        if name in files:
            fullPath = os.path.join(start, relpath, name)
            print(os.path.normpath(os.path.abspath(fullPath)))

if __name__ == "__main__":
    findFile(sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2])

从文件夹中查找文件

with open("somefile", "wt") as f:
    f.write("Hello\n")

with open("somefile", "xt") as f:
    f.write("Hello\n")

import os
if not os.path.exists("somefile"):
    with open("somefile", "wt") as f:
        f.write("Hello\n")
else:
    print("File already exist!")

import os
houVersion = "17.0"
version = 2

###### Do not do this !!!!! ######
# filepath = "C:\Users\huweiguo\Documents\houdini" + houVersion + "\tmp" + "\example_v0" + str(version) + ".py"
# filepath = os.path.join("C:\Users\huweiguo\Documents\houdini", houVersion, "tmp", "example", str(version), ".py")
##################################
# print(filepath)
#
# filepath = os.path.expanduser("~/Documents/houdini{0}/tmp/example_v{1:02}.py".format(houVersion, version))
# filepath = os.path.normpath(filepath)
# print(filepath)
# print("This is a file ? :", os.path.isfile(filepath))
# print("This is a directory ? :", os.path.isdir(r"c:\temp"))
#
#
# tempFolder = 'temp_2'
# cacheType = 'bgeo'
# cacheName = 'waterSplash.bgeo.gz'
# filepath = os.path.join(r"C:\nrojects/bla", tempFolder, cacheType, cacheName)
# print(filepath)
# print(os.path.normpath(filepath))

# print(os.path.split(filepath))

# print(os.path.dirname(filepath))

# print(os.path.basename(filepath))

#### PATH SEPARATOR #####
HOUDINI_OTLSCAN_PATH = os.pathsep.join([os.path.expanduser('~/houdini12.1/otls'),
                                    '/houdini_install/houdini/otls',
                                    '/mnt/repo/houdini/otls',
                                    '/mnt/projects/xyzproject/otls'])
print HOUDINI_OTLSCAN_PATH

# t = "D:/Program"
# l = []
# print(os.listdir(t))

# for f in os.listdir(t):
#     l.append(os.path.normpath(os.path.join(t, f)))

# print l

# Python2中默认编码是ASCII，Python3中默认编码是Unicode
s1.decode("gb2312") # 将gb2312编码的字符串转换成unicode
s2.encode("gb2312") # 将unicode编码的字符串转换成gb2312

from urllib.request import urlopen
# 正常网页是utf-8，所以要转unicode
import json
u = urlopen(网址)
resp = json.loads(u.read().decode("utf-8"))
from pprint import pprint
pprint(resp)

import os
import sys
import shutil
import random
import datetime
import module as xxx
from module import xxx as xx
os.listdir()
os.getcwd()
os.mkdir()
os.makedirs()
r"\\\"自然字符串
os.remove()
os.rmdir()
os.path模块功能操作文件夹
os.path.isdir()
os.path.isfile()
os.path.split()
os.path.splitext()
os.path.splitdrive()
os.path.join()
os.path.normpath()