Python容器：列表 []¶
容器是对专门用来装其它对象的数据类型的统称。在Python中，有四种最常见的内建容器类型：列表（list）、元组（tuple）、字典（dict）和集合（set）。Python语言内部实现细节也与这些容器息息相关。比如Python的类实例属性、全局变量globals()等都是通过字典类型来存储的。
- 列表 list []
- 有序的
- 索引取值
- 索引改值
- 切片
- 可变的
- 可迭代的
- 列表的方法
>>> type([])
<type 'list'>
>>> dir([])
['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__delitem__', '__delslice__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__getslice__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__iadd__', '__imul__', '__init__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__reversed__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__setitem__', '__setslice__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'append', 'count', 'extend', 'index', 'insert', 'pop', 'remove', 'reverse', 'sort']
>>>
- 列表解包
>>> a, *b = range(4)
>>> a
0
>>> b
[1, 2, 3]
>>>
>>> a, *b, c = range(4)
>>> a
0
>>> b
[1, 2]
>>> c
3
>>>
>>> l = []
>>> l.append(1)
>>> print(l)
[1]
>>> l.extend([1, 2, 3])
>>> print(l)
[1, 1, 2, 3]
>>> l.count(1)
2
>>> l.index(3)
3
>>> l.pop()
3
>>> print(l)
[1, 1, 2]
>>>
>>> l2 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>>> print(l2)
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>>> l2.reverse()
>>> print(l2)
[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
>>> l2.sort()
>>> print(l2)
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>>> l3 = [35, 50, 17, 30]
>>> print(l3)
[35, 50, 17, 30]
>>> sorted(l3)
[17, 30, 35, 50]
>>> print(l3)
[35, 50, 17, 30]
>>> print(sorted(l3))
[17, 30, 35, 50]
>>>
>>> s1 = set([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
>>> s2 = set([3, 5, 7, 8, 9])
>>> print(s1.union(s2))
set([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9])
>>> s1 = set(["Andy", "Tommy", "Ben", "Gloria", "Dinna"])
>>> s2 = set(["John", "Tommy", "Ben", "Gloria", "Dinna"])
>>> print(s1.difference(s2))
set(['Andy'])
>>> d = {"name": "Andy", "age": 28, "country": "China"}
>>> print(d)
{'country': 'China', 'age': 28, 'name': 'Andy'}
>>> print(d["name"])
Andy
>>> d["name"] = "Gloria"
>>> print(d)
{'country': 'China', 'age': 28, 'name': 'Gloria'}
>>> d2 = d
>>> print(d)
{'country': 'China', 'age': 28, 'name': 'Gloria'}
>>> print(d2)
{'country': 'China', 'age': 28, 'name': 'Gloria'}
>>> d2["name"] = "Andy"
>>> print(d)
{'country': 'China', 'age': 28, 'name': 'Andy'}
>>> print(d2)
{'country': 'China', 'age': 28, 'name': 'Andy'}
>>>
>>> d2 = d.copy()
>>> print(d)
{'country': 'China', 'age': 28, 'name': 'Andy'}
>>> print(d2)
{'country': 'China', 'age': 28, 'name': 'Andy'}
>>> d2["name"] = "John"
>>> print(d)
{'country': 'China', 'age': 28, 'name': 'Andy'}
>>> print(d2)
{'country': 'China', 'age': 28, 'name': 'John'}
>>> print(id(d))
58866256
>>> print(id(d2))
58867408
>>> l2 = [9, 5, 45, 2, 1]
>>> l3 = l2
>>> print(l2, l3)
([9, 5, 45, 2, 1], [9, 5, 45, 2, 1])
>>> l2.append(100)
>>> print(l2, l3)
([9, 5, 45, 2, 1, 100], [9, 5, 45, 2, 1, 100])
>>> l4 = l2[:]
>>> print(l2, l4)
([9, 5, 45, 2, 1, 100], [9, 5, 45, 2, 1, 100])
>>> l2.append(200)
>>> print(l2, l4)
([9, 5, 45, 2, 1, 100, 200], [9, 5, 45, 2, 1, 100])
>>> print(d2)
{'country': 'China', 'age': 28, 'name': 'John'}
>>> print(d2["age"])
28
>>> print(d2["ages"])
>>> print(d2.get("key", None))
None
>>> print(d2.has_key("age"))
True
>>> print(d2.items())
[('country', 'China'), ('age', 28), ('name', 'John')]
>>> print(d2.keys())
['country', 'age', 'name']
>>> print(d2.values())
['China', 28, 'John']
>>> print(d2)
{'country': 'China', 'age': 28, 'name': 'John'}
>>> d2.pop("age")
28
>>> print(d2)
{'country': 'China', 'name': 'John'}
>>> d2.update(dict(age=29))
>>> print(d2)
{'country': 'China', 'age': 29, 'name': 'John'}
>>> range(5, 0, -1)
[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
>>> g = xrange(1000000)
>>> print(g)
xrange(1000000)
>>> print(g[1000])
1000
>>>
- 列表推导
>>> intList = [1, 2, 3]
>>> print(intList)
[1, 2, 3]
>>> intList == [1, 2, "3"]
False
>>> print(intList)
[1, 2, 3]
>>> print(type(intList))
<type 'list'>
>>> nameList = ["andy", "dovfx"]
>>> print(nameList)
['andy', 'dovfx']
>>> complexList = [99, "hello", [1, 2], nameList]
>>> print(complexList)
[99, 'hello', [1, 2], ['andy', 'dovfx']]
>>> type(complexList)
<type 'list'>
>>> print(type(complexList))
<type 'list'>
>>> print(range(1, 100))
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99]
>>> print(range(100))
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99]
>>> print(range(1, 100, 5))
[1, 6, 11, 16, 21, 26, 31, 36, 41, 46, 51, 56, 61, 66, 71, 76, 81, 86, 91, 96]
>>>
>>> numbers = range(10)
>>> print(numbers)
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
>>> print(numbers[1])
1
>>> print(numbers[0])
0
>>> print(numbers[-1])
9
>>> myList = [numbers, ["a", "b", "c"]]
>>> print(myList[1][1])
b
>>> myList[-1][1] = "bb"
>>> print(myList)
[[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], ['a', 'bb', 'c']]
>>> print(numbers[1:7])
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
>>> print(numbers[3:])
[3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
>>> print(numbers[:3])
[0, 1, 2]
>>> print(numbers[-4:-1])
[6, 7, 8]
>>> print(numbers[3:-2])
[3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
>>> print(numbers[1:7:2])
[1, 3, 5]
>>> print(dir(numbers))
['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__delitem__', '__delslice__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__getslice__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__iadd__', '__imul__', '__init__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__reversed__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__setitem__', '__setslice__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'append', 'count', 'extend', 'index', 'insert', 'pop', 'remove', 'reverse', 'sort']
>>>
>>> numbers.append(100)
>>> print(numbers)
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 100]
>>> print(numbers.count(100))
1
>>>
>>> a = ["a", "b", "c"]
>>> numbers.extend(a)
>>> print(numbers)
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 100, 'a', 'b', 'c']
>>> numbers = range(10)
>>> numbers.append(a)
>>> print(numbers)
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, ['a', 'b', 'c']]
>>>
>>> print(a.index("b"))
1
>>> a.append("d")
>>> a.insert(0, "d")
>>> a.pop(0)
'd'
>>> a.remove("a")
>>>
>>> numbers.reverse()
>>> print(numbers)
[['b', 'c', 'd'], 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0]
>>>
>>> numbers.sort()
>>> print(numbers)
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, ['b', 'c', 'd']]
>>>
#!/usr/bin/env python
import os
d = dict(spoon=4,
fork=4,
plate=7,
cup=6,
knife=2,
teapot=1)
print d.keys()
print d.values()
print d.items()
# for k,v in d.items():
# print k,v
#
new_env = {'HOUDINI_PATH': '/mnt/share/repos/hou', 'EDITOR': 'vim', 'TEMP': 'C:/TMP'}
# for k,v in os.environ.items():
# print k,v
# os.environ.update(new_env)
# for k, v in sorted(os.environ.iteritems()):
# print k, v
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
#NOTE: For more advanced text formating see textwrap module.
s0 = ' Python 2.6; Python 2.7; Python 3.0; Python 3.3'
s1 = "Java is a programming language that lets you work more quickly\n" \
"and integrate your systems more effectively. You can learn to use Java\n" \
"and see almost immediate gains in productivity and lower maintenance costs"
s2 = "January February April March May June July August September October November December"
s3 = "Popular Names : Girls:{Lauren Isabella Ava Lily Zoe Chloe Mia Layla Emily Lucy} " \
"Boys:{Aiden Jackson Ethan Liam Mason Noah Lucas Jacob Jayden Jack Alexander Ryan}"
s4 = 'Escape this worlds: \never \try \this'
print "Lower case :", s0.lower()
print s0.count('Python')
print s0.split(';')
print s0.lstrip()
print "2.7" in s0
print s4 #raw string
# print s1.replace("Java", "Python")
# print " ??? ".join(s2.split())
# grlnames = s3[s3.find('Girls:') + len('Girls:') + 1 : s3.find('}')]
# # print grlnames
# # print [name for name in grlnames.split(" ") if name.startswith('L')]
# for name in grlnames.split():
# if name.startswith('L'):
# print name